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integrate Originals
Dr. Eric Fertuck is a clinical psychologist researching and treating Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).
- Resources
integrate Originals
Dr. Eric Fertuck is a clinical psychologist researching and treating Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).
BPD Historic Timeline
Timeline of Borderline Personality Disorder and Related Developments
This historic timeline outlines pivotal moments in the evolution of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), showcasing significant advancements in diagnosis, research, and therapeutic strategies. This timeline highlights key breakthroughs that have transformed our understanding and treatment of BPD, from early psychoanalytic theories to modern self-administered therapies.
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud introduces psychoanalytic theory, focusing on the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior and personality. Freud’s work lays the groundwork for later psychoanalytic concepts relevant to understanding personality disorders.
Freud’s Structural Model
Sigmund Freud introduced his 1923 study, The Ego and the Id, which introduced many of the foundational concepts of psychoanalysis.
Emergence of Ego Psychology
Anna Freud and her contemporaries expand on Freud’s ideas, developing Ego Psychology. This approach emphasizes the role of the ego in managing conflict and reality, shaping the understanding of how personality disorders, including those with borderline features, can develop.
Object Relations Theory
Melanie Klein publishes her work on object relations theory, which profoundly influences the understanding of personality development and disorders. Klein’s concepts of internal object relations and the impact of early relationships on psychological functioning become foundational in psychoanalytic theory.
Borderline States
Psychologist Adolph Stern introduces the concept of "borderline states" in his clinical work, describing patients whose symptoms did not fit neatly into existing diagnostic categories.
Psychotic, Neurotic, and Borderline
Psychoanalyst Otto Kernberg proposed that mental disorders were determined by three distinct personality organizations: psychotic; neurotic and “borderline.”
First Formal Recognition
The term "Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)" is officially introduced into the psychiatric nomenclature by psychiatrist John G. Gunderson, who uses it to describe a distinct set of symptoms and behaviors in individuals who exhibit instability in mood, self-image, and interpersonal relationships.
Margaret Mahler’s Separation-Individuation Theory
Separation-Individuation Theory examines how infants separate from their caregivers to develop a distinct sense of self. It highlights the stages where children differentiate themselves, forming an autonomous identity.
Transference-focused Therapy (TFP)
Kernberg further developed transference-focused therapy, a psychoanalytic manualized and evidence-based treatment for personality disorders (including BPD).
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) for BPD
Marsha Linehan introduced Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), a specific and now well-documented form of psychotherapy for patients with borderline disorder prone to increased anger, self injurious behavior and who require and request frequent, brief hospitalizations.
BPD in the DSM-III
The American Psychiatric Association includes Borderline Personality Disorder in the DSM-III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition). This formal recognition provides a standardized framework for diagnosing BPD, reflecting its distinct set of symptoms and characteristics.
Mentalization-Based and Schema Therapy
Research continues to explore the neurobiological and psychological underpinnings of BPD. New therapies, such as Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT) and Schema Therapy, are developed, expanding the range of effective treatment options.
Reality Integration Therapy™ (RIT) for BPD
The initial introduction of Reality Integration Therapy™ (RIT) as a specialized approach for BPD, grounded in object relations and separation-individuation theory.
Integrate BPD
Integrate BPD is introduced as a self-administered program based on RIT for BPD. It emphasizes personalized treatment and psychoanalytic theory to address the root causes of BPD, rather than just managing symptoms.
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